Methods of extraction of essential oil by lippia alba.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v29i1.90Keywords:
Lippia alba, essential oils, extraction methodsAbstract
Essentials oils (EA) are secondary metabolites produced by plants, complex mixtures of volatile components, which are formed in the cytoplasm of odoriferous plants. They are very numerous, are distributed in the different parts of the plant and are extracted by physical methods from the intercellular glands of the plant tissue. The majority presence of these heterogeneous volatile compounds directly affects the type of biological and / or therapeutic activity that these extracts could possess. Lippia alba (L. alba), is a shrub of the verbenaceous family that produces a variety of effects (antioxidant, antimicrobial, sedative, anesthetic, and anxiolytic); that are related to the chemical constitution of the EAs of their various chemotypes, which are differentiated by some factors, among which are the part used for extraction and the extraction method used. This work represents an updated review of the extraction methods of the essential oil of Lippia alba, which showed the various methods of extraction of the essential oil of L. alba: simple hydrodistillation (HD), hydrodistillation with Clevenger trap, distillation microwave-assisted, steam-stripped distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid. In conclusion, the most common method is HD with a Clevenger type device, due to its low cost, good performance, and environmental friendliness. However, the supercritical flow, although more expensive, offers some advantages, among them, shorter extraction time and higher yield.
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