Covid-19: from epidemiology and immunology to the clinic.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/salus.v25i3.128Keywords:
COVID-19, epidemiology,, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, clinical manifestationsAbstract
Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the coronavirus disease 2019, appears in the world with a high rate of spread, becoming a global public health problem, being declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell by binding with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) causing direct cytopathic damage in pneumocytes, cardiocytes and podocytes, as well as in endothelial cells. However, it is both the innate and adaptive immune response (IR), activated by the same virus, which becomes a mechanism of tissue damage, being evaded or persisting in an excessive way. The target organ par excellence of SARS-CoV-2 is the lung, other organs are compromised especially cardiac, renal and gastrointestinal, the objective of the review is to document the relationship between epidemiology and immunology with the clinical expression of the disease. Methodology: A research of epidemiology, immunological response and clinic of COVID-19 was carried out, until February 2021, selecting those with the greatest interest, of the 188 articles reviewed, 40 articles considered by the author as relevant were included. Conclusions: Excessive and unregulated IR produces many of the clinical manifestations of covid-19, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation and the state of hypercoagubility, are related to severe disease, complications and sequelae.
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